Human Composting: A Scientific Look at Green Burials
The Science and Future of Human Composting
This award-winning episode of Science Versus explores the growing trend of human composting, an alternative to traditional burial and cremation that aims to be more environmentally sustainable.
Why Are People Choosing Compost?
Traditional methods of handling human remains have significant environmental and health downsides:
• Cremation: In the U.S., it emits an estimated one billion pounds of CO2 annually and releases hazardous substances like mercury into the air.
• Embalming: Using formaldehyde to preserve bodies is dangerous not only for the environment but also for the funeral workers exposed to carcinogenic vapors.
Consequently, many are turning to natural alternatives that favor the environment, often referred to as the Green Death Movement.
How It Works: The Science of Transformation
Turning a human body into nutrient-rich soil is a precise, scientifically managed process that takes roughly one to two months.
"If you can compost a cow, you can compost a human."
• The Process: Bodies are placed in specialized, highly insulated polycarbonate vessels. They are surrounded by a mixture of alfalfa, straw, and wood chips to provide the necessary carbon to balance the nitrogen-rich body.
• The Role of Microbes: Naturally occurring bacteria and fungi are the "heroes" of the process. They require heat, moisture, and oxygen to thrive and break down organic material.
• Safety Considerations: While the process is designed to reach temperatures (often above 130°F or 55°C) that destroy most dangerous pathogens, there are strict regulations regarding who can be composted. Individuals who have died from specific infectious diseases or those carrying dangerous prions cannot undergo this process.
Moving Beyond the "Creep Factor"
While the concept of turning a loved one into soil may initially seem polarizing or "creepy," many people find profound peace in the idea of their remains contributing to new life and forest restoration. The end result is a nutrient-dense, earthy-smelling soil that can be used to grow gardens or restore degraded land, offering a meaningful, regenerative way to conclude one's life cycle.